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ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulant medications are the first line treatment for ADHD. They have a track record of a strong response, a high tolerance, and safety throughout the entire life span. It is important to choose the right dosage and medication that alleviates the symptoms of your child or yourself without causing any adverse side adverse effects. This may require a lot of trial and error, as well as a constant communication with your physician. Stimulants Stimulants are drugs which increase the activity of the central nervous system. They are extensively used as performance enhancement and cognitive enhancers by students, athletes artists, workers, and students. They are also used for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and eating disorders that cause binge eating, and other anxiety disorders. The most commonly used stimulant medications are amphetamines and methylphenidates. FDA-approved prescription stimulants are available in extended-release and immediate-release formulas. Immediate-release medication is usually taken every 4 hours. If they are not taken as often, they can cause sudden and temporary loss of energy. The crash may cause extreme craving, mood swings and fatigue. Instant-release medication can also increase blood pressure and heartbeat in some people. This is especially the case when they do not take enough food. Extended-release drugs are designed to release their active ingredients over a period of 8 to 16 hours. Your doctor might suggest this kind of medication if you want long-lasting control of symptoms without having to take a pill several times a day. Ritalin Concerta and Focalin are all extended-release methylphenidate products. Daytrana is a long-acting methylphenidate product that sticks to your skin like a bandage, and lasts throughout the day. This kind of medication can be prescribed to adults suffering from ADHD and need a daily dosage that lasts longer than the immediate-release options. Stimulant medications do not cure ADHD however it can help manage the symptoms by improving how neurons in the brain communicate. They accomplish this by altering the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, like dopamine and norepinephrine. They do this by blocking or binding to their receptors. This allows for the release of more neurotransmitters which helps to improve the transmission and reception of messages between neurons. In addition to stimulants, doctors can prescribe antidepressants to treat ADHD. The majority of the antidepressants doctors prescribe for ADHD alter the levels of norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine in your brain. One of the groups, called selective serotonin receptor inhibitors, is a good option for people suffering from depression or anxiety, too. These medications are typically paired with stimulants to boost their effectiveness. Your doctor can change between stimulant and a non-stimulant medication if your current medication isn't working or has intolerable side effects. Long-acting About 70 to 70% to with ADHD benefit from stimulants. They reduce symptoms such as fidgeting, talking over others and losing focus during conversations or in tasks. They can also improve the performance of your job and improve your social skills. Stimulant medications begin to work as soon as they pass through the blood-brain barrier which can take between 45 and 60 minutes. They boost the levels of Dopamine and Norepinephrine in brain cells, which decreases the intensity of impulses and hyperactivity. The FDA-approved stimulant medication consists of one of two molecules, methylphenidate, (Adderall Ritalin Vyvanse Concerta) or amphetamine (Ritalin Adderall XR Vyvanse Vyvanse). Stimulants can cause side effects such as stomach upset and weight loss, an increase in heart rate and blood pressure as well as headaches, anxiety or nervousness. They can also make tics more severe and cause sleep issues for some people. Long-acting stimulants (such as Strattera and Wellbutrin) work all night and day unlike medications which last only a few hours. They can be used to treat other conditions like anxiety or depression. These medicines work by altering how your body regulates monoamine oxidases. Monoamine oxidases are enzymes that break down dopamine and other neurotransmitters within the brain. These chemicals remain in the body longer if they are not broken down. adhd adults medication could affect your behavior and thinking. Long-acting drugs can have fewer negative effects. Your doctor may prescribe them in smaller doses that you take throughout the day. Some stimulants are available in extended release form that you can take once daily. Adults may prefer this option, but you should still remember to take the stimulants every day. SSRIs and other medicines have proven to be effective in treating ADHD in many adults. SSRIs are generally prescribed for anxiety or depression but can be prescribed for ADHD. Around 70% of people respond to these drugs. Bupropion (Wellbutrin) is another SSRI that has been approved for ADHD and has been proven to be more effective than placebos in one controlled study. These SSRIs can cause serious side effects such as ringing in the ears, anxiety, and changes to vision as well as lung and heart function in certain people. Short-acting Stimulant medications work to reduce ADHD symptoms by increasing levels of dopamine as well as norepinephrine in the brain. These two chemicals assist people to manage their behavior and improve their focus. They are available in a variety of forms, and each has their own brand name such as Adderall, Vyvanse, Ritalin and Concerta. There are two main types of stimulant medications such as the methylphenidates (such as methylphenidate) and the amphetamines (such as dextroamphetamine). They have the same effects, however their duration of action varies. The methylphenidates are less effective; they can last up to three hours, whereas amphetamines are more long-lasting. Certain individuals are better in their ability to take long-acting stimulant medication than those that use short-acting drugs and therefore, your doctor might prescribe this kind of drug. It is crucial to know as much as you can about the medication. This includes any side effects, how frequently it is recommended to take it, and any warnings. This will make it easier to work with your physician in determining the appropriate medication and dose for you. These medications can also cause some adverse side effects such as difficulty sleeping or a decrease in appetite. Consult your physician in the event that you experience any of these adverse effects. You may have to alter your dosage or even try a different medication. Adults suffering from ADHD who are unable to respond well to stimulants can be treated with non-stimulant drugs. These medicines take longer to effect but improve the ability to pay attention and to control impulses. These medications are available either in combination or on their own. The first of these is atomoxetine (brand names Strattera and Qelbree) that increases norepinephrine as well as dopamine in the prefrontal brain which regulates behavior. Guanfacine, also referred to as Intuniv is part of the class of drugs known as alpha-agonists. These drugs work by blocking Reuptake and increasing levels of brain chemicals in the bloodstream. Guanfacine, originally developed to treat high blood pressure, has now been proven to be effective in treating ADHD. Combinations There are many drug combinations used by people suffering from ADHD. This includes stimulants that are depressant drugs such as clonidine and guanfacine. These drugs can have a calming effect on the brain and can reduce symptoms such as sleeplessness and aggressive behavior. They can also prevent the withdrawal symptoms from stimulants. However, this combination could be risky if properly used. Serotonin Syndrome is a medical emergency that occurs when there is an excess of serotonin in the body. This combination can also raise blood pressure and heart rate. The risks of using this drug are higher for those with pre-existing health conditions like high blood pressure or heart disease. Combinations of stimulants are now being used by teens and young adults. These drugs are often described as “legal highs” and are sold at pharmacies. They are also available on the black market. These substances can be dangerous especially when mixed with alcohol and other drugs. This is referred to as polydrug use, and can be very dangerous. Mixing drugs can have unpredictability and negative consequences. These include increased heart rate, decreased respiration, hallucinations, and paranoia. A study found that combination therapy was more effective than monopharmacotherapy for treating ADHD. Combining medication increased compliance and allowed patients to get better relief from symptoms than monotherapy. Many patients, however, were unable to continue treatment due adverse effects. In some cases, the medication was discontinued because of sleep problems or worsening tics. This could be due to a poor diagnosis or a lack of medication. Nonstimulants are another treatment option for ADHD. These drugs are effective in improving the ability to focus and impulse control however, they do not perform as well as stimulants. They are less likely to inhibit appetite and increase. Certain antidepressants are also prescribed for ADHD however they are less likely of improving concentration and focus. In a number of studies, atomoxetine (Concerta) in combination with methylphenidate, produced better results than any drug on its on its own. Combining these two medications helped improve the adherence of patients and decreased side effects for most people. The combination also proved effective in adolescents and young adults. This combination could be a feasible alternative for children suffering from severe ADHD.