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ADHD and Anxiety Medication People suffering from ADHD typically suffer from co-occurring anxiety disorders. Anxiety can trigger restlessness, irritability and trouble sleeping. The use of stimulants can ease symptoms, but it may cause side effects like tics or minor growth reductions in adolescents and children. In addition, some individuals experience anxiety-related issues when taking stimulant medications. Stimulants The use of stimulants is to treat ADHD and Narcolepsy. They are also popular among recreational drug users as stimulants and performance-enhancing substances because of their ability to increase energy, alertness and focus. They are available in the form of capsules, tablets or chunky crystals. They are also available in white or brown dust. Massive doses of stimulants may result in over-stimulation, anxiety and stomach cramps, panic attacks or paranoia. Long-term use of stimulants may result in addiction and serious side effects like heart problems high pressure, stroke and heart attacks. These medications are also proven to relieve anxiety symptoms. They work by increasing the availability of the brain chemicals dopamine and norepinephrine which are typically less in people suffering from ADHD. This improves the activity and communication of parts of the brain that regulate executive and attention functions. This results in an improvement in impulse control, and anxiety symptoms are reduced. Studies have shown that both atomoxetine as well as methylphenidate reduce anxiety symptoms in adults with ADHD and other anxiety disorders. Both medications have shown improvement in anxiety symptoms as early as the 4th week of treatment. The benefits lasted for 8 weeks. It is important to keep in mind that the kind of medication that is best for treating anxiety and ADHD co-occurring symptoms might depend on which condition is more affecting the quality of life of a person. A person may experience a variety of minor crises that create anxiety throughout the day as they rush to make appointments or complete projects at work or school. These are stressful and trigger anxiety more often than the symptoms of panic attacks or phobia. In these cases it is possible to address the anxiety-related symptoms with antidepressants or SSRIs which have been shown to be effective in decreasing anxiety levels in adults. These are usually taken orally and may take a bit longer to effect the desired effects, however the most commonly used options are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as Sertraline and Fluoxetine, and serotonin and norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) like duloxetine and venlafaxine. These drugs can be used together with cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety. They are especially effective if a patient has an elevated or racing heart rate. SSRIs Antidepressants, including SSRIs (antidepressant medications) are commonly used to treat anxiety disorders. The prototype drug in this class is fluoxetine, more commonly known as Prozac. The SSRIs can also aid in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. They are more versatile than earlier generation antidepressants, and they have fewer and fewer dangerous side effects. The SSRIs work by inhibiting serotonin's reuptake at synapses. This causes the neurotransmitter within the synapse to stay active and communicate with the post synaptic cells more than would be the case in other circumstances. This can increase the output of norepinephrine and reduce anxiety. It could also result in higher levels of the neuronal cyclic AMP (cAMP) which stimulates protein synthesis. SSRIs can also reduce the amount of impulsivity and hyperactivity. They also can improve the quality of sleep and decrease agitation in individuals with ADHD. These drugs can, however increase the risk of suicidal behavior and thoughts in certain people. They may also cause an increase in appetite and weight gain, especially when they are first started. SNRIs are a different kind of antidepressant compared to SSRIs. SNRIs block the reuptake both of serotonin as well as norepinephrine. They can also affect anxiety. They can improve the function of the blood vessels and the heart muscle. This can help reduce feelings like anxiety and stress. Some adults who suffer from bipolar disorder may benefit from their use. The most common SNRIs are duloxetine (Cymbalta) and venlafaxine (Effexor, Effexor XR) and desvenlafaxine (Khedezla, Pristiq). The SNRIs can increase blood pressure in some individuals and are not recommended for anyone with high blood pressure or heart disease. There are many behavioral treatments for anxiety and ADHD that can be employed alongside medication. Mindfulness-based techniques can be beneficial in reducing anxiety and stress as can yoga and meditation. Some people find tapping on specific body parts or Emotional Freedom techniques helps reduce cortisol which is the hormone responsible for anxiety. Diet and exercise can also aid in reducing anxiety. Your doctor may recommend that you consume whole grains, fruits and vegetables, and to avoid sugar, as it can increase anxiety for some ADHD children and adults. Non-stimulant-based medications Although stimulants are extremely effective at treating ADHD and have been studied extensively however they are not the best option for those with anxiety disorders and ADHD. Stimulant medication can cause side effects such as jitteriness and rapid heart rate. These symptoms can be similar to or worsen anxiety symptoms. Non-stimulant drugs are a more recent option that has been used to treat ADHD since 2002 (under the brand name Strattera). They don't increase blood pressure or heart rate, and they are less likely to cause anxiety-related adverse effects like shaking, sweating or nervousness. Atomoxetine targets receptors for norepinephrine, a chemical in the brain. It can aid in improving attention and reduce impulsivity as well as hyperactivity. Studies have also demonstrated that it can help improve anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD. Researchers gathered clinical articles from PubMed EMBASE PsycINFO and PsycINFO in order to determine if atomoxetine reduced anxiety symptoms among children and adolescents with ADHD. Bupropion is a different medication that can ease anxiety symptoms. It is a brain chemical, dopamine. Bupropion is often prescribed to patients suffering from ADHD and depression. It can also improve mood and decrease symptoms of anxiety. It is usually recommended to investigate and address the root anxiety-related issue before treating the ADHD because it can reduce anxiety symptoms. In some cases anxiety symptoms in ADHD children are the cause of their anxiety. Psychostimulants and cognitive-behavioral treatments are usually the most effective treatment options for anxiety in this situation. This is because these treatments tackle the root cause of the problem and help reduce ADHD symptoms and, consequently, decrease the anxiety. click the next web page are often prescribed for those with coexisting ADHD and anxiety. SSRI antidepressants that target Serotonin, the chemical in the brain that is thought to alleviate anxiety symptoms and improve mood. Examples include Zoloft, Lexapro and Sertraline. The final decision of which medication is right for you will be made by your doctor. Before recommending a drug, they will take into consideration your lifestyle, symptoms, age, along with other health issues. It is important to discuss with your doctor about your treatment goals and to stick to a routine daily when taking any medication. Other options Other treatment options may be beneficial in managing ADHD or anxiety, depending on your health goals. These include mindfulness meditation, yoga (Emotional Freedom techniques), tapping sleep, nutrition, exercise, and healthy eating habits. People with anxiety are more likely to suffer from symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Dr. Hallowell says, which makes it difficult to treat both disorders at once. He prescribes stimulants to treat ADHD first, and then non-stimulant medication like bupropion or atomoxetine for anxiety disorders. These medications work 24 hours a day and are not controlled substances, as stimulants are.